What is in Ras el Hanout?
By Jannika Resido
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August 15th, 2024
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Ras el Hanout, a Moroccan spice blend from North Africa, is an essential ingredient in many kitchens.
Often described as the “top of the shop,” this aromatic mixture comprises a diverse array of spices, each contributing to its rich and complex flavour. The precise combinations will vary, depending on the chef.
Introduction to Moroccan Spice Blend: Ras el Hanout
North African food writer and expert, Arto der Haroutunian describes ras el hanout:
"A mixture of spices and herbs. This is the spice of the feast of Aid el Kebir, of Mrouziya and many wintery dishes. It is used with most poultry and game dishes. It was also widely used as a medicine against colds etc.
Nowadays, outside Meghribi villages, ras-el-hanout can be bought ready-made in all souk-el-attarines (spice markets) of North Africa.
There were well over twenty-five spices and herbs involved in the preparation of this spice, but today only those that are readily available are used.
Here, for your edification, I have listed the more important ones. If you mix approximately 1 tablespoon of each you can achieve a very good substitute.
- Rosebud (Boutons de roses) – imported from Persia by the Arabs
- Belladonna berries
- Cinnamon
- Chinese cinnamon (dar el Sini ed dûn)
- Cardamom
- Cloves
- Turmeric Wall bromegrass (Tharrâ), from Sudan – a very aromatic rhizome, the fruit of the ash tree, and reputed to have aphrodisiac qualities
- The roots of the lesser galangal (Galanga officinalis)
- Ginger German iris
- Common lavender (khuzama) – the flowers
- Bsibsa (Java almond) – the shell or husk that covers the almond and also the nut
- Gouza Sahraouia (Maniguette) – grains of the Zingiberaceae family, from the Ivory coast
- Black cumin
- Jamaican hot peppers
- Palma christi (castor oil plant)
- Dar Felfell – the fruit of the ‘long Malayan’ pepper
- Black pepper
Origins and History
Ras el Hanout hails from the bustling souks of North Africa, particularly Morocco. The name itself translates to “head of the shop,” signifying the best spices a merchant has to offer.
Traditionally, spice merchants would craft their own unique blends, often comprising 20 or more spices. Each spice merchant would craft their own blend, allowing them to control the prominent flavors according to their personal taste. This practice dates back centuries and reflects the rich culinary heritage of the region.
Each blend was a closely guarded secret, passed down through generations. The composition of Ras el Hanout varies, but common ingredients include cardamom, cumin, cloves, cinnamon, nutmeg, and turmeric. The spice mixture was not only used for flavouring but also believed to have medicinal properties.
This historical context adds depth to its modern-day appeal, making it more than just a seasoning but a link to a profound cultural tradition.
Cultural Significance
Ras el Hanout holds a special place in North African culture, particularly in Moroccan cuisine. It is more than just a spice blend; it represents a fusion of history, tradition, and culinary artistry.
Often used in savoury dishes such as tagines, meats, vegetables, and stews, Ras el Hanout adds a layer of complexity and warmth that embodies the essence of North African hospitality.
Often used in celebratory Moroccan dishes such as tagines and couscous, Ras el Hanout adds a layer of complexity and warmth that embodies the essence of North African hospitality.
The blend is also associated with various cultural rituals and festivities, where food plays a central role. In Moroccan households, the preparation of Ras el Hanout can be a communal activity, bringing families together.
This cultural significance extends to its use in traditional medicine, where it is valued for its purported health benefits. Thus, Ras el Hanout is not only a culinary treasure but also a symbol of cultural identity and communal heritage.
How To Use Ras el Hanout
Traditionally, ras el hanout is a staple in Moroccan tagines, where it imparts a deep, aromatic flavour to slow-cooked meats and vegetables. Black pepper is one of its components, adding a bit of heat and a spicy element to the mixture.
It is also commonly used in couscous dishes, adding a fragrant complexity that elevates the grain. Beyond these traditional applications, Ras el Hanout can be used to season grilled meats, stews, and even rice dishes. Its unique blend of spices makes it an excellent rub for lamb, chicken, and beef.
Some adventurous cooks incorporate it into marinades and dressings, giving a North African twist to otherwise ordinary recipes. Ras el Hanout can also be used in vegetarian dishes, bringing a burst of flavour to lentils, chickpeas, and roasted vegetables.
Whether used sparingly or liberally, this spice blend transforms everyday ingredients into something truly extraordinary.
Key Ingredients of Ras el Hanout
Spices and Herbs
Ras el Hanout is distinguished by its intricate blend of spices and herbs, each contributing a unique note to its overall flavour profile. Common spices in the mix include cardamom, which adds a sweet, floral aroma, and cumin, known for its earthy, warm undertones.
Cloves and cinnamon bring a hint of sweetness and warmth, while nutmeg and turmeric provide a subtle bitterness and vibrant colour. Other frequently included ingredients are coriander, giving a citrusy brightness, and allspice, which offers a complex, peppery flavour.
Some blends also incorporate more exotic spices like rose petals, lavender, and galangal to enhance the aromatic qualities. Each spice is carefully balanced, resulting in a harmonious and multi-layered seasoning.
This meticulous selection of spices and herbs not only defines Ras el Hanout but also showcases the rich culinary traditions of North Africa. Storing these spices in a spice cabinet ensures they remain fresh and easily accessible for quick and easy recipe preparation.
Unique Additions
What sets Ras el Hanout apart from other spice blends are the unique additions that can vary from one blend to another. Some recipes include rare and exotic spices like grains of paradise, which add a peppery zing, or long pepper for its sweet and spicy notes.
Dried rose petals are another distinctive ingredient, contributing a subtle floral fragrance that enhances the blend's complexity. Saffron, known for its luxurious aroma and golden hue, is sometimes added to elevate the blend's richness.
Another uncommon yet intriguing addition is orris root, which imparts a delicate, violet-like scent. These unique additions not only deepen the flavour profile but also reflect the spice merchant's personal touch and expertise.
The inclusion of such rare ingredients makes each batch of Ras el Hanout a unique culinary masterpiece, embodying the rich, diverse heritage of North African cuisine.
Regional Variations
Ras el Hanout is not a one-size-fits-all spice blend; its composition can vary significantly from region to region and even from one spice merchant to another. The Moroccan spice blend, known as ras el hanout, is a popular spice blend in North Africa and authentic Moroccan recipes, with each family, restaurant, and spice merchant having their own unique blend.
In Morocco, the blend might be richer in sweet spices like cinnamon and nutmeg, creating a warm, aromatic profile. Algerian versions may include more robust and fiery elements such as chilli peppers, providing a spicier kick. Tunisian Ras el Hanout could incorporate more floral notes, with the addition of rosebuds and lavender.
These regional variations showcase the diversity of North African culinary traditions and the local ingredients available. Each blend tells a story of its origin, reflecting the unique palate and preferences of the area.
Whether sweet, spicy, or floral, these regional twists make Ras el Hanout an endlessly fascinating spice blend, offering different flavour experiences depending on where it is sourced.
Health Benefits and Nutritional Value
Antioxidant Properties
Ras el Hanout is not just a flavourful addition to your cooking; it also offers several health benefits, thanks to its high antioxidant content. Spices like turmeric, cinnamon, and cloves are rich in antioxidants that help combat oxidative stress in the body.
These antioxidants neutralise free radicals, unstable molecules that can damage cells and contribute to ageing and diseases such as cancer and heart disease. Turmeric contains curcumin, a powerful antioxidant with strong anti-inflammatory properties.
Cinnamon is known for its polyphenols, which can improve heart health and regulate blood sugar levels. Cloves have eugenol, another potent antioxidant that also has antibacterial properties.
By incorporating Ras el Hanout into your diet, you not only enhance the taste of your dishes but also bolster your nutritional intake with these beneficial compounds. This makes Ras el Hanout a valuable addition to a health-conscious lifestyle.
Cooking with Ras el Hanout
Simple Recipes
Incorporating Ras el Hanout into your meals can be straightforward and rewarding.
- One simple recipe is a Ras el Hanout roasted chicken. Use a few tablespoons of Ras el Hanout with olive oil to create a marinade for the chicken.Rub the chicken with olive oil and generously coat it with the spice blend, then roast it in the oven until golden and crispy.
- Another easy dish is Ras el Hanout spiced vegetables. Toss your favourite vegetables - such as carrots, sweet potatoes, and bell peppers - with olive oil and Ras el Hanout, then roast them until tender.
- For a quick and delicious side, try Ras el Hanout couscous. Cook the couscous according to package instructions, then stir in the spice blend along with some chopped dried fruits and nuts.
Ras el Hanout’s complex and aromatic profile makes it an excellent pairing for a variety of dishes. It shines in traditional North African recipes like lamb tagine, where it complements the richness of the meat and the sweetness of dried fruits.
This spice blend also pairs well with poultry, adding depth and warmth to chicken dishes. For seafood lovers, Ras el Hanout can be used to season fish or prawns, providing a unique twist to your usual fare.
Vegetarians can enjoy it in hearty vegetable stews or sprinkled over roasted root vegetables. It even works well in unexpected pairings, such as in a spice rub for grilled tofu or tempeh.
Ras el Hanout can also enhance grain-based dishes like quinoa or bulgur, offering a burst of flavour that elevates simple ingredients. This versatility makes it a valuable addition to any kitchen, capable of transforming a wide range of dishes. Consider adding Ras el Hanout to your spice rack to expand your collection of spices and seasonings.
How to Store Ras el Hanout
Like most spice blends, proper storage of Ras el Hanout is essential to maintain its vibrant flavour and aromatic qualities. Store the spice blend in an airtight container to protect it from moisture and air exposure, which can lead to flavour loss.
Place the container in a cool, dark place, such as a pantry or a kitchen cupboard, away from direct sunlight and heat sources. Avoid storing it near the stove or other appliances that generate heat, as this can degrade the spices over time.
It's also a good idea to label the container with the date you prepared or purchased the blend, as spices tend to lose their potency after six months to a year. By following these storage tips, you can ensure that your Ras el Hanout remains fresh and flavourful, ready to enhance your culinary creations whenever you need it.
Buying and Storing Ras el Hanout
Shop Ras el Hanout here
About the author
Jannika Resido is Sous Chef's online content specialist. She is an expert in southeast Asian food and ingredients! Jannika has several years of experience writing blogs and features for online publications. She loves savoury dishes, trying new ingredients (especially the fruity ones!) and discovering recipes from across the world.
